Background
Apocrine hidrocystomas are benign cystic proliferations of the apocrine secretory glands. Apocrine hidrocystomas most commonly appear as solitary, soft, dome-shaped, translucent papules or nodules and most frequently are located on the eyelids, especially the inner canthus. Apocrine hidrocystomas grow slowly and usually persist indefinitely.
Pathophysiology
Although the origin of apocrine hidrocystomas is not known entirely, they are believed to be adenomatous cystic proliferations of the apocrine glands. The exact stimulus for the development of an apocrine hidrocystoma is unknown. Plausible causes of the closely related eccrine hidrocystoma include occlusion or blockage of the sweat duct apparatus, which results in the retention of sweat and a dilated cystic structure.
Epidemiology
US frequency
Apocrine hidrocystomas are relatively common in the United States.
Race
No predilection for race or geographic region is recognized for apocrine hidrocystomas.
Sex
No sex predilection is described for apocrine hidrocystomas.
Age
Apocrine hidrocystomas occur in adulthood, although in no particular age group.
Prognosis
Apocrine hidrocystomas grow gradually and persist indefinitely after attaining full size. They seldom recur after removal. Apocrine hidrocystomas are entirely benign. Cysts may annoy patients; however, symptoms usually are mild or absent. Vision usually is not affected.
Patient Education
Advise patients that apocrine hidrocystomas are benign.
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Clinical example of apocrine hidrocystoma.
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Histology of apocrine hidrocystoma. Cystic spaces appear empty because sweat is removed during processing. Decapitation secretion often is seen in the lining.
