
		• Urinary incontinence in women. Finnish Medical Society Duodecim. • Urinary incontinence. The John A. Hartford Foundation Institute for Geriatric Nursing - Academic Institution. • Urinary incontinence: guide to diagnosis and management. Brigham and Women's Hospital. • Recommendation for the management of stress and urge urinary incontinence in women. University of Texas at Austin, School of Nursing.


		• Bladder Anomalies • Bladder Trauma • Interstitial Cystitis • Neurogenic Bladder • View All Bladder Dysfunction Articles


		• Cystoscopy: Neovascularity and telangiectasia of radiation cystitis • Ultrasound showing 2 posteriorly placed bladder diverticula • Ultrasound demonstrating urachal cyst • Urodynamic study revealing detrusor hyperreflexia • Voiding cystourethrogram demonstrating a duplicated bladder • View All Bladder Dysfunction Multimedia Files


		• Bladder Control Problems • Cystoscopy • Foley Catheter • Inability to Urinate • Intravenous Pyelogram • Understanding Bladder Control Medications


		• Creatinine clearance • Estimated creatinine clearance for females • Estimated creatinine clearance for males

BLADDER DYSFUNCTION RESOURCE CENTER

Bladder Anomalies

Pediatrics

This article discusses some of the more common bladder anomalies, such as bladder diverticula, and some of the uncommon bladder anomalies, such as bladder ears, congenital hypoplasia of the bladder, megacystis, bladder agenesis, duplication anomalies of the bladder, and finally, bladder septa. A discussion of urachal anomalies (ie, urachal sinus, urachal cyst, urachal diverticulum, patent urachus) is also included.

Bladder Trauma

Urology

Bladder injuries occur as a result of blunt or penetrating trauma. The probability of bladder injury varies according to the degree of bladder distention; therefore, a full bladder is more likely to become injured than an empty one. Although uniformly fatal in the past, a timely diagnosis with appropriate medical and surgical management now offers an excellent outcome. Early clinical suspicion, appropriate and reliable radiologic studies, and prompt surgical intervention, when indicated, are the keys to successful diagnosis and management.

Interstitial Cystitis

Urology

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a clinical syndrome characterized by daytime and nighttime urinary frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain of unknown etiology. IC has an unclear etiology and pathophysiology and undefined diagnostic criteria. Despite considerable research, universally effective treatments do not exist, and therapy usually consists of a variety of supportive, behavioral, and pharmacological measures. Surgical intervention is very rarely indicated.

Neurogenic Bladder

Urology

The normal function of the urinary bladder is to store and expel urine in a coordinated, controlled fashion. This coordinated activity is regulated by the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neurogenic bladder is a term applied to a malfunctioning urinary bladder due to neurologic dysfunction or insult emanating from internal or external trauma, disease, or injury.

Holroyd-Leduc JM, Mehta KM, Covinsky KE. Urinary incontinence and its association with death, nursing home admission, and functional decline. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004 May;52(5):712-8.

Diokno AC, Burgio K, Fultz NH, Kinchen KS, Obenchain R, Bump RC.Medical and self-care practices reported by women with urinary incontinence. Am J Manag Care. 2004 Feb;10(2 Pt 1):69-78.

Shpall AI, Ginsberg DA. Bladder neck closure with lower urinary tract reconstruction: technique and long-term followup. J Urol. 2004 Dec;172(6 Pt 1):2296-9.

Kragt JJ, Hoogervorst EL, Uitdehaag BM, Polman CH. Relation between objective and subjective measures of bladder dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2004 Nov 9;63(9):1716-8.

Holroyd-Leduc JM, Straus SE. Management of urinary incontinence in women: scientific review. JAMA. 2004 Feb 25;291(8):986-95.

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